DIY fireplace stove

Depth of foundation laying

This will not affect the quality and strength of the foundation. Measure the length and width of the dug hole and saw off the board to this size. Using nails, put together formwork. It should end 14 cm before the start of the finishing floor.

On top, level it well with a shovel and check with a building level how smooth the surface turned out. Now you need to wait 24-28 days, depending on the quality of the cement mortar, until the foundation is completely dry. In no case, do not rush, and do not lay the furnace earlier than this period, otherwise it will be deformed after a few weeks. On a smooth and well-dried concrete surface, along the foundation perimeter we put two continuous rows of bricks. Thus, our foundation comes to the finish floor.

We lay a layer of roofing material

Attention! It is also recommended that each new layer is first done dry. This is especially true for beginners who first encounter masonry stoves. After laying the brick on the mortar, it will be difficult for you to fix your mistakes and inaccuracies.

Step 3. Preparation of brick for masonry.

Immediately measure the amount of brick that you will need for the first stage of work. Note that the laying of the furnace is a complex and time-consuming process and can not cope here in a day. Be aware that beginners will be able to master 4-5 rows a day, no more.

Take a portion of red ceramic brick, clean it well and soak it for 12 hours in water.

Masonry brick must be soaked in water before starting work

When you spread the firebox from fireclay bricks, it will be enough just to rinse with water.

The process of preparing the material for masonry includes, and dividing the brick into ½ or ¼ parts, squeezing at the corners. Look at the diagram, what shape of brick you will need for each row. It is better to do this right away, so that later, when laying a row, not be distracted by these moments.

Squeezing brick at the right angle

Brick cracking also needs to be done at this stage. Keep in mind that before you "beat off" the necessary part of the brick, according to the scheme, you must first perform a groove.

Brick cracking techniques

At the same time, for ½ brick, one longitudinal groove is enough. But if you need to chop off 1/6 or 1/8 of the brick, then the groove is done on all sides of the brick.

Video. Masonry stove. We make a solution of clay with our own hands.

Although on sale now you can find ready-made factory solutions for laying the furnace, which are of good quality.

To do this, you need sand and red river clay. Clay is the very indispensable material, without which no masonry mortar is unthinkable. Due to its unique properties, soft and plastic, it, under the influence of fire, turns into a durable stone.

After firing, it gains the strength of the brick and can withstand the highest temperature. However, in order for it to be really strong and securely fasten the masonry, it is necessary to observe the correct proportion of all ingredients.

Determine the fat content of the solution

One of the main indicators of the quality of clay is its fat content. If you take a “skinny” clay, then when heated, it can crack.

We will not indicate the exact amount of ingredients, since there is no ideal proportion. Depending on the quality of the clay, its fat content, the solution is done "by eye".

Clay is lean and oily.

It should have a consistency of thick homemade sour cream, not drip from the trowel. In this case, in no case should there be grains, so the solution should be thoroughly kneaded.

We measure out the required amount of clay, which will be needed for masonry, and fill it with water. You do not need to immediately prepare a solution for the entire furnace, if you do not plan to finish the masonry in 1 day. Measure as much as you can.

• We wait 3-4 hours until the clay collects a sufficient amount of water and softens.
• Now wipe the clay through a sieve. Pour the filtered mixture with the required amount of sand and mix thoroughly.

The process of kneading clay for the furnace

The solution should be viscous, plastic. If the solution does not stick to the trowel, but only slightly stains it, then this is a “skinny” solution and a little oily clay should be added to it. Skinny solution will crumble and crack heavily. Such a mixture is fragile and bricks should not be laid on it.

Attention. The clay solution is not suitable for arranging the foundation and chimney. Typically, cement mortar is used for this.

Step 5. We are building the furnace.

The first row is very important in the furnace and the whole form of construction depends on it. Therefore, first, “dry”, lay out the first continuous row, and put the building level on top. Observe even angles. They can be checked with a plumb bob during the process.

Before proceeding directly to bricklaying, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the detailed instructions and tips for building a furnace.

Video. Learning to put a small stove.

Advice! Smooth seams may not work the first time. To do this, you can use wooden slats, equal in thickness to the thickness of the seam. They are stacked on a row, after which the solution is applied and the second row is placed. Prepare so many rails that they are enough for three rows. By the time you finish the third row, you can get the calibration tool from the first row and use it further.

Before you put the first row of bricks on the roofing material, make a chalk marking.

The first row is continuous, according to the ordering scheme. Check diagonally how evenly you have laid the bricks.

1st row continuous

Advice! To prevent the furnace from laying away to the side during laying, and it was not necessary to check the vertical of the furnace after each row, 4 vertical threads can be pulled at the corners, which should be fixed to the ceiling. They will serve as peculiar beacons as reference points for the furnace.

4 threads vertically

• 2nd row repeats the first. Watch the thickness of the seams. The blower door is also installed here.

To do this, we pass the metal burnt wire through the holes and twist it into a bundle. The second end of the wire is laid between the bricks. The 3rd row forms an ash chamber, in which all ash and ash accumulate.

lay the ash chamber

All the gaps between the brick and the metal elements must be filled with an asbestos cord, which eliminates the temperature difference when the furnace is burning.

Proper installation of the furnace door

Laying the asbestos strip before installing the hob

Put the hob

After this, collect the row into the solution. Keep in mind that the entire series is placed on a clay-sand solution, but the hob itself on a clay-asbestos liquid solution. To prepare it, take a small portion of the prepared clay-sand mortar and add crushed asbestos, knead well.

Attention! If the hobs on the hob have a different diameter, then you need to place large ones above the combustion chamber, and smaller holes above the oven.

• 12-16th row - laying of chimney channels.

Attention! When laying out smoke ducts, make sure that the solution does not remain inside. Remove the solution with a washcloth or trowel, otherwise it will then interfere with the unhindered circulation of hot air.

• 17.18th row. We cover the hob, carefully filling the seams with a 3-5 mm solution.

We cover with a metal shield

27-28th row - lay out the hole for the chimney. On the 29th row, the masonry is expanded to ¼ brick to create a cornice. Here we block all the channels, leaving only the pipe.

Furnace design

It is possible to build a brick fireplace stove only because they have a similar structure, so it is possible to make some of the components common. Depending on this, all devices are divided into separate groups:

• fireplace stoves with a common firebox,
• fireplace stoves with a common chimney,
• separate stoves and fireplaces in one building.

The basic design of any stove with a fireplace can be considered on one example.

The diagram shows a general view of the fireplace and stove in one device and its sections. Here, the stove is covered with a glass door, which allows you to use the design as a fireplace. The frontal section shows the direction of air flow.

Cold air enters from below and, when heated, enters the smoke box. Unlike a fireplace, a stove does not allow heated air to immediately escape into the atmosphere. It goes down through special channels and then rises again. Air movement is provided by a difference of pressure. Naturally, for this it is necessary to provide good traction.

This formation of the chimney allows maximum energy to be taken from the heated air before it leaves the furnace body. The compactness of this device allows you to use it even for a summer residence, moreover, as a full-fledged heating system.

Merits of integrated systems

The combination of several devices into one, more functional, can be called optimization. In most cases, it occurs with the loss of certain qualities that the devices had individually. A brick fireplace stove is an exception to this theory, since it incorporates all the advantages of a stylish fireplace and an efficient stove.

• Space saving. Some models have a layout that allows you to install them even in small rooms.
• High efficiency. Due to the implementation of slow burning technology and a unique chimney channel, the share of useful energy is much higher than that of a conventional fireplace.
• Variability of execution. Despite the fact that brick stove fireplaces are subject to more requirements, this is not an obstacle to creating various options for the number of devices and the type of installation.
• Functionality. The ovens, supplemented by a stove, oven, and oven, are a whole complex for a country house, which will replace the benefits of civilization.

Where can I install the oven

By and large, this question had to be formulated differently, since you can establish the furnace where you want. However, for more efficient performance of its functions, some nuances should be taken into account.

Each house has a ventilation system that removes air from the room and delivers a portion of fresh, rich in oxygen. Such ventilation is carried out through the doors and windows of the room. The air circulation practically does not stop, even closed air vents cannot perfectly isolate the home. If there were no such flows, then the furnace could not work for a long time. Therefore, by its position, it should not impede natural circulation.

The installation of the furnace should be carried out according to a certain algorithm: drawing up the layout of the room, determining the ventilation flows - choosing places (usually several) for installation - choosing the model of the device. These stages are standard for any construction, so the options available can be considered using the scheme.

We see that in any room there is an opportunity to install different types of stoves. The choice will be dictated by personal conditions and preferences.

• An island fireplace is best able to cope with room heating, as it has the largest heat transfer area. It is also distinguished by its ease of use, because a fireplace can be equipped on one side, and a furnace furnace on the other.

• Corner models are used for a house of brick, as they have a common area of ​​contact with two walls. Their feature is the visual effect, in which the room space seems enlarged. Corner stoves are used in small cottages.

• Wall-mounted fireplaces have one common face with a supporting wall. If the furnace is being built at the same time as the house, then its face is part of the wall and it is possible to heat the adjacent room. Otherwise, air ducts can be installed for more efficient heating.

The main stages of construction

It is believed that to build a fireplace or stove can only be a professional stove with rich experience, who devoted his life to his favorite craft. This fact cannot be denied, since knowledge and experience are invaluable assistants in any business. But to say that you cannot build a furnace on your own is impossible. With certain skills, you can get a completely qualitative result.

The step-by-step actions that need to be performed to erect the structure yourself are collected in a single project. Anyone can use it. A professional master on request can draw up a personal project, according to which you yourself will carry out the work.

• Foundation construction. A reliable foundation is the hallmark of any brick structure. The fireplace stove is no exception.
• Preparation of the solution. This stage is similar to a rite. Professionals keep secrets, because the solution used to lay out the rows is made of clay, and you need to be able to choose it correctly. Beginners are immediately recommended to use purchased funds. Applicants to the level of the master can try to learn all the sacraments of this rite.
• Construction of the furnace, canals, ash pan, smoke collector, smoke tooth. All possible schemes are presented in finished projects. Masonry is done in order, with the formation of the main components.
• The construction of the chimney. After the channels, the stove chimney strongly resembles a similar design of a classic fireplace. Dimensions and basic parameters depend on the selected model, the geometry of the house, the height of the roof, the place where the pipe is brought out.Settlement options are provided for each personally.
• Drying oven. If the built stove is flooded, then you can say goodbye to it forever. Moisture leaves the solution gradually, it takes a long time, but the solution retains its integrity. Hasty application in the form of kindling leads to the formation of such a large number of cracks in the solution that there is no way to repair them.

I must admit that there are modern, more efficient and simple heating systems, but true connoisseurs of the classics will continue to show interest in brick structures for a long time. Most importantly, the process of transferring experience from the older generation to the younger generation does not stop.

The main types of heating units

When choosing a fireplace stove for a cottage made of bricks, we recommend that you first select one of the most suitable varieties for yourself, having previously familiarized yourself with the features, advantages and disadvantages of each:

With hob

Brick stove fireplaces for giving with a hob, intended exclusively for cooking.

This option is well suited for installation in small, single-storey summer cottage buildings that do not live in the cold season.

In houses with installed stoves of this type, as a rule, there is electricity or gas, by means of which, if necessary, heating is carried out. In most cases, models are supplemented by a special boiler-tank, designed to heat water.

With heating and cooking functionality

To give a brick oven, a fireplace with heating and cooking functionality simultaneously combines several functions and allows you to cook food, heat water and at the same time produce heating at home.

This design is often used as the main source of heating. The fireplace can have any size, depending on what is supplemented by useful shelves, countertops, appliances for drying clothes, an oven and other elements.

With standard functionality

Brick stove fireplace for summer residence with a simplified functionality is usually used exclusively as a heating device and does not have additional features.

Such furnaces are characterized by simple installation and small dimensions, weight, high power and good performance.

Important: in addition to the main three types of designs, you can find other models that have more complex functionality, such as a water shirt. However, such installations are located in large cottages with several floors, a basement and many different in size and shape of the premises.

Separation according to design features

The fireplace stove for a summer cottage is brick, can differ not only in its functionality and the presence of certain auxiliary elements, but also in other external details, depending on which we can distinguish three additional categories:

• Russian stoves. They began to be built and used by our ancestors. The features of this design include the presence of such structural elements as: a stove bench and a shelf on which it is convenient to dry clothes. This variation is mainly suitable for placement in a house that needs a furnace for a whole year. It is not suitable for a simple summer residence, because with periodic use and rare use the structure loses its strength, tightness, cracks and other defects begin to appear on the surface. Also, with a long idle time, the brick begins to quickly accumulate moisture, and for the complete heating and heating of all rooms in the house, it will take about 2-3 days to heat the fireplace. The Russian stove has large dimensions and is not suitable for installation in small areas,

Russian fireplaces are large

Russian stoves are characterized by the presence of a large and comfortable couch

• Dutch woman. This brick fireplace stove for summer residence has a built-in smoke channel, due to which the efficiency and the heating rate increase several times. The design is characterized by small overall dimensions and economical fuel consumption. However, the fuel should be of the highest quality (well-dried). Building materials for assembly must also meet all the highest quality standards. In order to quickly heat the house, the unit must be used regularly, especially for severe cold weather and the winter season,

The Dutchwoman is installed in houses in need of regular and constant heating

An example of a finished order for the Dutch

• Swede. This option is ideal for installation and use in our climate. Such devices have high efficiency, well tolerate subzero temperatures, quickly warm up and allow you to evenly heat any of the area and number of floors of the house. At the same time, they are characterized by small dimensions and optimal weight. Such stoves, brick fireplaces are located immediately in two rooms (the back in the living room, the front in the kitchen, as in most cases it is equipped with a hob or oven). However, for the assembly you will need a high-quality brick (stove), the price of which is quite high.

The Swedish oven is equipped with a hob and is suitable for the cold climate of Russia

Efficient and miniature Swedish: a great solution for a summer residence

Help Tips

If you decide to do the assembly yourself, we recommend taking the following useful tips as a basis that will help you in organizing and conducting work:

1. Brick stove fireplaces for summer cottages should have the same thickness of joints in all areas (4-6 millimeters),
2. The evenness of the first row is checked both using the standard building level and in the diagonal direction,
3. Before proceeding with the laying of the next row, additionally check the evenness of the previous one. To do this, use a goniometer. The horizontal is checked through the building level, and the vertical using a plumb line,
4. If you plan to install the hob to better fix it and protect the brick from constant overheating, apply a large layer of fresh clay mixture (about 5-7 millimeters) to it,
5. In order for the heating unit to have good traction, the device is equipped with summer running. Thus, the withdrawal of gases and all decay products will be carried out in a short way,
6. A stove with a fireplace for a brick house should be laid out, starting from the corner in each row,
7. The joints of the previous row should be covered with bricks of the next,
8. The cross section of the chimney and the chimney always have the same diameter and shape.

Small shelves suitable for drying berries

Brick stoves can be equipped

In order to increase the efficiency and heating rate

For a detailed visual familiarization with the preparatory phase of work and useful recommendations on the construction and selection of a brick fireplace for your summer cottage, you can also watch the video in this article.

Important preparation criteria

In order to complete all the preparatory work, avoiding the most common mistakes, which are subsequently very difficult to fix, the following instruction will help you:

• Due to the large mass of brick kilns, there is a need for the construction of a separately located foundation. At the same time, it is not tied to the house, since subsequently dates are mandatory shrinkage, which should not be displayed on other elements of the building,
• The size of the foundation should be slightly larger than the fireplace itself from all sides (10-25 centimeters),
• To perform the masonry work, you will need to buy both a cheaper ceramic brick, from which the main part of the structure will be folded, and fireclay refractory. The second is needed for laying the elements of the furnace and chimney, which are subjected to the most intense heating. It’s worth noting that the price of fireclay bricks is quite high, and a lot of material will be needed,
• The joints between ceramic and fireclay bricks should be at least 5 millimeters, and the adhesive mortar itself is mixed on the basis of clay and heat-resistant cement,

Important: when heated, structural elements made of chamotte will expand under the influence of high temperatures, which is why it is necessary to take into account when calculating the gaps themselves.

Adhere to the same thickness of the seams: optimally 5-7 millimeters

For each decorative element and accessories, corresponding recesses are left

• Additional fittings and components (grate, ash pan, doors) are installed according to the scheme and pre-purchased in a specialized store or made to order,
• For additional fixation of doors, grate or ash pan, you will need to use an annealed wire, which is installed between the bricks, after which it is poured with mortar for additional fixation and adhesion (previously threaded into specially prepared holes and twisted with a bundle),
• In order to avoid too strong a divergence of temperature conditions in the area of ​​the combustion chamber, before installing it, be sure to continue the special asbestos cord between it and the bricks,
• In order to save energy and free time, the chimney can not be laid out with bricks, but preference is given to ceramic block variations (sold in an already fully assembled state),
• If the brick has a not very attractive appearance, it is worth taking care of finishing such a surface. For these purposes, you can use any refractory materials (tiles, ceramics, decorative plaster, heat-resistant paint, natural and artificial stone). Finishing a fireplace is not only a way to give the unit a unique style and personality, it is also possible to significantly increase the overall efficiency of the furnace.

A brick fireplace stove for a summer residence is a great opportunity to quickly and economically perform heating of both a small and a two-story house with several rooms. In order to get acquainted with the variations of the finished orders, we also recommend reading the article “Corner brick fireplace stove”.

Step 6. Laying the chimney.

The location of the chimney is indicated at the design stage of the furnace. But in any case, for normal draft, the height of the chimney should not be less than 5 meters.

We begin to build up the chimney

Also make sure that no residual solution is left inside, otherwise this will interfere with normal traction.

When taking a pipe out of the house through the roof, consider the height of the visor. It should be 50 cm below the top of the chimney; otherwise, vortices may form around the chimney.

We complete the laying of the chimney with a metal grate that prevents debris from entering the pipe. You can also install a hood (umbrella) on the top of the chimney, which will reliably protect the pipe from precipitation.

Step 7. Finishing the furnace.

After the stove is fully laid out, you can proceed to the finish facing. As the outer layer, you can use decorative facing stone, ceramic tile, red brick.

Ceramic tiles

Remember that any additional material applied to the outside of the stove will reduce heat transfer.

Before and After facing

Therefore, if you are more interested in the efficiency of the furnace than its appearance, you can simply cover the brick with a layer of decorative plaster.

Step 8. Drying the oven.

Having completely finished laying the furnace, it is necessary to dry it well, since now there is a large amount of moisture from the solution in it.

To do this, open the furnace chamber door and leave the oven for 7-10 days. Brick and clay-sand should dry well, otherwise the “raw masonry” may be deformed due to high temperature.

If you build a furnace in warm time, then it will dry naturally. In cold weather - use a fan.

Another option of forced drying is a 200-300W electric bulb, which is installed inside the furnace and left to burn for 7-10 days. But this is a necessary measure that must be taken only if the temperature in the street is less than zero degrees Celsius.

Step 9. Kindling the furnace.

When all finishing work is completed and the oven is well dried, it is necessary to make the first test kindling. This is not a tricky business, but it is better to follow our tips to avoid troubles and to achieve maximum furnace efficiency:

Kindling in the furnace

• Do not use trash and glossy magazines for kindling.
• Keep flammable objects away from the oven.
• Close the firebox door tightly before the flame ignites.
• Do not immediately give a strong heat to the oven. It needs to be warmed up gradually.
• Use only quality, well-dried firewood.

Useful tips for laying a brick oven for a summer residence

1. Keep an eye on the thickness of the seam during brick laying all the time. It should be 5 mm.
2. Check the first row not only by the building level, but also diagonally.

Diagonal check 1 row

At the end of the article, we recommend that you read the instructions for laying a wood-burning stove for a summer residence.

The video describes in detail the process of laying on a dry simple brick kiln